M8 x 48 Arc Stud Full Thread, Mild Steel with F Ferrules $40. Stud welding, also known as "drawn arc stud. An aluminum base with aluminum studs is the best way to go. Medium Split Bipod Nelson NS30/NS40 Foot $154. Headed Concrete Anchors Available. 800-426-5667. Mild Steel. 030 inch, in Keystone Fastening Technologies - OBO Bettermann catalog for capacitor discharge process. In late 1958 and early 1959,. sales@studwelderaccessories. With automatic equipment, as many as 1800 studs can be fastened per hour! Accuracy - precise location of your. 06 seconds. Sutton-Garten Co. Base Diameter of Stud: Steel Without Backup (in) / (ga) Aluminum w/o backup: Aluminum with backup: 0. An arc is ignited between one end of the stud and the workpiece during stud welding. It permits strong, one-sided welds on base metals with thicknesses starting at 0. 8. connect the gas plug. 21 USD. 058-inches or 1. Available for steel and gas-supported welding like Aluminum. Accessories: For required accessories, please see each specification page or contact your CSW representative for assistance. Arc stud welding is a process by which a metal fastener is welded to a parent metal through a fusion weld. Welding is often used to permanently fasten two pieces of metal together. For gas metal arc welding, the wire is classified using 100% CO 2; however, argon-oxygen-carbon dioxide combinations may be used based on the oxygen equivalent. Aluminum Arc Shoulder Base (SB) Weld Stud. The ball should never be more than 1. Stud welding, also known as drawn arc stud welding, is generally used to weld large diameter fasteners to rougher and thicker base metals. The most successful aluminum stud welding uses ceramic ferrules as well as the shielding gas. Besides the drawn-arc stud welding process there is Capacitive Discharge (CD), Gas Arc and Short-cycle stud welding processes. A-The assembly; B-the. 25 USD. Stud welding equipment, stud welders, weld stud fasteners, parts, rentals & repairs - 800-462-9353. There are a wide range of spot weld stud and tab weld stud options, depending on the specific application. welding in aluminum construction. Aluminium is a chemical element, which makes up about 8% of the Earth’s crust, making it the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon. If you don't see the stud you need, give us a call at 800-426-5667. Hold gun perpendicular to base material. PFS arc weld studs are manufactured from AISI 1006-1020 low-carbon steel, 300 series stainless steel, and 5000 series aluminum, along with an arc stabilizing and. Small Split Bipod Nelson NS30/NS40 Foot $155. Finally, pull the trigger , making sure there is solid contact between it and the base metal. Will be approximately 1/8" shorter after welding. comNelson ® stud welding’s rich history began in 1939 with the U. The stud is placed (with a hand tool called the Weld Gun) against the base metal, through the control of the stud welding equipment and the design of the stud; an arcSpecify. Contact us for more information regarding our high-end weld screws and studs or call us at 800-783-0910, we. D. 06 seconds. They do not lose any length during the stud welding process and are suitable for use on sheet metal and other thin materials that would be marred by the drawn arc welding process. The heat generated by this electric arc melts. 09 ARC STUD WELDING: Chapter 10: WHC2. Installing pins with stud welding equipment is a quick and easy process. Our stud welding experts can see if we have it or find it for you. Among other things, stud welding is used in bridge building (especially in composite structures), steel structures, shipbuilding, facade-wall fabrication, vehicle manufacture, apparatus. , unless otherwise. The chart below indicates the weld studs commonly supplied in metric sizes. Length – Lengths are listed before welding. Steel Properties: Min Tensile Strength 61,000 psi, Min Yield Strength: 49,000 psi. These weld studs can be both threaded, or unthreaded. The Lynx4 Modular stud welding system offers 5/16" welding capacity in the most compact system on the Market. Tucker Light Weight Steel stud delivers one weld flange design to cover. Projection weld studs and screws are special types of fasteners that are specifically designed to be welded to another object. 00 USD. 39 USD. Lengths range from 16-100mm (mild steel and stainless steel). View Volume Discounts. Arc studs may be almost any shape and there are literally hundreds, however, they must have one end of the fastener designed for arc welding. About Us; Technical Services; Stud Welding. The conventional process may be used to weld studs of 3/16 to 3/4 in. Stud Welding Products has a complete line of arc and capacitor discharge weld studs to match any job or project. 0 mm) diameter. In this document, it is referred to simply as stud welding. This arc is the electrical current jumping across the gap between the electrode and the base metal. On the other hand, with a large aluminum tip, due to the formation of britStud welding is a technique similar to flash welding where a fastener or specially formed nut is welded onto another metal part, typically a base metal or substrate. Stud welding is also used for the fabrication of steel structures. Price: 0. Overall, using arc/stud welding is lower cost, faster, and more effective than resistance welding for installing fasteners. In stud welding, there are 2 main processes Capacitive Discharge (CD) and drawn arc stud welding. Speed - you can load, position and weld up to 30 times a minute. It produces welds in as little as 0. Once the weld has cooled, the ring is broken away, leaving behind a smooth fillet at the stud's base. Our stud welding experts can see if we have it or find it for you. 50 USD. Stud welding refers to a joining process of circular-shaped studs with a flat metal piece by using a welding arc and application of a pressing force. Threaded CD Weld Studs Aluminum. Weld Studs are installed using a drawn arc stud welding gun to. Stud welding is a fast, reliable and accurate method of attaching a metal fastener to a metal part using an electric arc. catalog including Flanged Capacitor Discharge (CD) Studs - Imperial,Flanged Capacitor Discharge (CD) Studs - Metric,Small Flanged Capacitor Discharge (CD) Studs,Non Flanged Cap. Arc Studs are manufactured. I tried this method but the finishing was not good. W. Proweld Arc Gun Shaft Extension $43. It offers maximum penetration and reliability, making it especially useful for thicker, rougher base metals. This oxide is tough and nonconductive and is detrimental to quality welding. Cox Stud Welding stocks a full line of Arc Studs, Installation Studs and Refractory Studs, as well as having the largest inventory of stainless steel concrete anchors and shear connectors in the world. Aluminum stud welding is performed with conventional stud welding equipment. Using medium or high carbon steels (above 0. Drawn Arc Stud Welding. 6 Electroslag Welding (ESW) and Electrogas Welding (EGW) 27 2. A stud is loaded into a compatible CD. Drawn arc weld studs are commonly made from mild steel and. Stud arc welding (SW), also known as arc stud welding, is a normally used method for joining a metal stud, or a fastener, to a metal work piece. It produces welds in as little as 0. As the drawn arc current heats the tip of the stud and the metal becomes molten, the ring-shaped ferrule keeps the metal from spreading into a messy weld. 00 USD. D. If you don't see the stud you need, give us a call at 800-426-5667. Projection weld studs and screws are special types of fasteners that are specifically designed to be welded to another object. It produces welds in as little as 0. to a workpiece instantaneously. To learn more about fastening systems and our stud welding supplies and services, contact Northland Fastening Systems at (651) 730-7770. Sunbelt FB aluminum studs, available in diameters from 1/4" to 1/2", have equal weld base and thread diameters. 024. It weighs approximately 7 lbs excluding cables, connectors and footpiece. None of the other processes require a ferrule. of order. Drawn arc stud welders connect to compatible drawn arc stud welding guns and supply current to weld studs held in the guns. (4. CD (capacitor discharge) weld studs require lower levels of heat and less time to weld than drawn arc weld studs, which makes them suitable for use on sheet metal and other thin materials that would be marred by the drawn arc welding process. Save money on your stud welding accessories! Replacement accessories and parts for your Nelson NS20, NS30 or NS40 stud welding gun. (4. screw your chosen chuck into place in the weld pistol/gun. If you don't see the stud you need, give us a call at 800-426-5667. Nelson NS40 Standard Duty Stud Gun 751-692-000 $4,150. The other processes use conventionally designed. Monroe-JHP Fasteners. Ferrules are supplied with the studs. [email protected] Welding, Inc. A method for determination of hydrogen content in arc weld metal for linear welding processes such as manual metal arc welding, gas-shielded metal arc welding, and submerged arc welding is given in the standard ISO 3690 [4]. The CD process operates on the principle of capacitor stored energy which is instantaneously discharged by the equipment system through a. Unless stated otherwise, all threaded studs are reduced base (Type RD). 2 mm. Once the weld has cooled, the ring is broken away, leaving behind a smooth fillet at the stud's base. Metal fasteners for Construction, Oil Field, Insulation Installation, Aerospace, Signs, Transportation and many other industries. Metal fasteners for Construction, Oil Field, Insulation Installation, Aerospace, Signs, Transportation and. 378. Arc stud welding is a process by which a metal fastener is welded to a parent metal through a fusion weld. Available with weld base diameters from 1/4” through 1/2”; extension diameters, 1/8”' through 3/8”. 1/4-20 CD Weld Stud, Flanged, Stainless Steel from $14. With automatic equipment, as many as 1800 studs can be fastened per hour! Accuracy - precise location of your. Plate Edge Preparation. In this International Standard it is referred to simply as stud welding. 0. There are three different techniques employed in arc stud welding:shows current, white shows arc voltage variations within the 900 msec needed to complete a weld. The fully mechanized drawn arc stud welding is a welding procedure for joining pin-shaped elements. CD Weld Studs. The CD stud welding method, used mainly for welding mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum studs, includes two primary techniques: contact and gap. assumes no financial or physical responsibility for damage or harm resulting from this information’s use with non-Nelson studs and related accessories. Shoulder studs for drawn arc stud welding. Set Screw - 8-32 x 1/4 $0. 50 USD. sales@studwelderaccessories. 5/16" CD Stud Welding System -TRUWELD TW-i-321 $3,640. Many features have beenAs the stud lifts, an electrical current creates the arc, which heats the stud and base metal. A nationwide supplier with overnight deliveries available. Using a “ferrule” to capture and retain the weld’s heat, the molten metal created by the process cools the weld site and produces a weld that is stronger than the stud itself. Stud welders operate by fusing a fastener or custom-formed nut with a metal workpiece. Deciding which to use depends on weld requirements, materials, and applications. These studs are used in Drawn arc stud welding method. 26. Cannot be welded to galvanized sheet materials and common aluminum alloys. assumes no financial or physical responsibility for damage or harm resulting from this information’s use with non-Nelson studs and related accessories. Using a “ferrule” to capture and retain the weld’s heat, the molten metal created by the process cools and the weld site and produces a weld that is stronger than the stud itself. One of the first large-scale applications of stud welding was on Henry Ford’s assembly lines. Amongst other things, stud welding is used in bridge building (especially in composite structures), steel structures, shipbuilding, facade‐wall fabrication, vehicleMade in the USA. Headed Concrete Anchor Studs (1/2″) Arc stud welding is a process by which a metal fastener is welded to a parent metal through a fusion weld. 38 seconds. 19 USD. Material: Aluminum alloy 5000 Series. 4M:2006 Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. Nelson ® offers a full line of standard in-stock fasteners for quick shipment, as well as custom-designed fasteners to meet your specific needs. Originally used in the shipbuilding industry, stud welding attaches all kinds of threaded, unthreaded and tapped fasteners to a base metal or substrate by heating both parts so they can bond. The CD process allows stud welding of dissimilar metals. 1/4-20 CD Weld Stud, Flanged, Aluminum from $7. The studs pictured do not represent a complete listing of all possible styles of studs that are in stock or available. Stud Welders Information. ), the X-BT System is ideal for use in. Beckham Chrysler LLC R. Whether it’s a vetted drawing or a not-yet-realized idea, our experienced engineering team can. With drawn arc stud welding, the operator uses a weld tool, or gun, to place the stud against the base metal. Should additional specifications be. Our stud welding experts can see if we have it or find it for you. 048″ (1. Summary. Ferrules: Includes required ceramic ferrules (insulators) (Other types of ferrules available on request) Flux: Solid Fluxed. With drawn arc. The ordinary stud welding gun has slight modifications done to it to facilitate welding of aluminum studs. Grounding via a reliable ground connection is decisive for the smooth operation of the electric consumer loads. 048″ (1. Palm CD Gun $756. Over 1000 sizes of threaded, no thread, tapped, and stored Arc weld studs. 8. Aluminum quickly forms a surface oxide. Some types or styles of weld studs are used in the imperial size when. 8-32. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. The arc and molten metal are submerged in a blanket of granular fusible flux on the workpiece. 00. Stud welding is a complete one-step fastening system, using fasteners called weld studs. Thread Size. 4 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 23 2. 3/8-16 Arc Stud, Reduced Base, Mild Steel with R Ferrules from $25. (19 mm) can be welded with this technique. Using a “ferrule” to capture and retain the weld’s heat, the molten metal created by the process cools and the weld site and produces a weld that is stronger than the stud itself. An assessment of the material properties in specific weld zone regions is not requested under consideration of their limited areas or the general joint dimension although the. 80 USD. com CD Weld Studs. Studs & Equipment. The focus of the current study is to develop welding procedures using the drawn arc process. Arc Gun Accessories for Welding ¾’’ diameter Weld Thru-Deck Studs: Extension Legs B-0109-18 18” Foot Piece B-0021 Foot Extension Assembly Grip B-0060-1 Chuck Ch-075. Very short set-up time (a. A capacitor discharge (CD) Non-Flanged Weld Stud is an ideal choice for those applications that will not allow use of a flanged weld stud due to potential interference between the flange and the mated component. Do Not weld to galvanized beams. Arc를 발생시켜서 용접을 시행하는 점에 있어서는 일반적인 SMAW와 유사한 점이 있으나 연속적인 용접 Bead를 형성하지 않는 차이점이 있다. 22006. The gun then forces the stud down into the molten. Steel & Aluminum Arc Stud-Welding. It is suitable for welding applications on thick materials that require. It is also known as manual metal arc welding, flux shielded arc welding, or stick welding. Sutton-Garten Co. Drawn arc stud welding forms strong, vibration-resistant welds that provide a tight seal against water, oil, air, or gas leaks at the weld point. Stud welding is a technique that involves welding a metal fastener to another metal part using an arc of electricity to heat both parts. They are available in thread diameters from 1/4" through 1/2". Successor of LM90. THE STUD WELDING PROCESS Electric arc stud welding involves the same electrical, mechanical, and metallurgical principles found in any other arc welding process. This catalog is designed to be a user-friendly source of information about the Nelson Stud Welding line of studs, anchors, pins, and the standard accessories used to weld them. A weld stud loads into a compatible stud welding gun, and the gun connects to a stud welder that delivers current to the. A weld stud can be end-joined to a metal work piece instantaneously for a high. The fastener comes in different types of shapes such as tapped, threaded, or unthreaded. Length Specifications: Available in minimum weld base heights specified, with a maximum of 1-1/4" thread length. 12: Pipe welding (mild steel). 3/8-16 Arc Stud Full Aluminum with F Ferrules from $43. 5 times the electrode diameter. Bateman Soldaduras West Arco Limitada J. Choose from our selection of weld studs, including over 175 products in a wide range of styles and sizes. By using flanged CD weld studs, a strong bond between the base material and stud is created. The fully mechanized drawn arc stud welding is a welding procedure for joining pin-shaped elements. Close. The presence of zinc and included zinc vapors in the weld can weaken the weld to the point of failure; however, the practice of stud welding on galvanized steel remains very common. 800 Incoloy. Nelson ® Studs & Equipment. 3 “Certification of companies for resistance welding of steel and aluminum” • Welded fabrication &. Nelson ® offers three methods of stud welding: drawn arc welding, for structural stud welding using large diameters studs, ferrules, and an aluminum flux; capacitor discharge (CD) , for non-structural applications with a rapid attachment and an undisturbed backside finish; and short cycle, for semi-structural applications with a rapid attachment and an undisturbed. These metric threaded rods tighten when turned to the left; once fastened, they resist loosening from counterclockwise motion. This model is fitted with a plunge dampener, recommended for vertical and overhead stud welding and. 10-24 CD Weld Stud, Flanged, Stainless Steel from $9. Aluminium is well known for having a low density (about 2. The drawn arc melts the base of the stud and the base metal, creating a molten pool. Should additional specifications be required, please indicate this in the Request for Quote. 1/4-20 x 1" Arc Stud Full Thread 430 Stainless Steel with F Ferrules $1. Welding. Shop our great selection of Arc stud welding equipment, studs, welders, and more. Test weld set-up at the start of each day and every half hour. 25 percent carbon equivalent) usually requires preheating to prevent cracking. In stock and ready to ship. 99. If you have questions or need assistance with your order, our friendly and knowledgeable team is here to ensure that you get the right equipment for the job by calling 800-936-1948. Collar Studs are used to provide a spacer between the parent metal and the part secured on threaded extension. (4. Perfect for drawn arc stud welding--weld fasteners to dissimilar parent metals efficiently through arc stud welding. 3 In the formulation orthis code assistance hal beenderived (rom the. Design 31 3. Aluminum studs of diameter 3/16 in. 1: Sheet metal welding. 5. For full details of gas combinations refer to CSA Standard W48. The collar creates an offset than can be used for mounting of mating components or for the creation of a stand-off. M8-1. Length Specifications: Lengths available from minimums shown in specifications. Sunbelt Stud Welding 6381 Windfern Road Houston, TX 77040 U. PFS's CD weld studs range in diameter from 4-40 to 3/8, and are manufactured from AISI 1006-1020 low-carbon steel, 300 series stainless steel, copper alloy 260 and 268, and 1100, 5000, and 6061 series aluminum alloy. The right arm of your SWS system. Stud welding is also known as drawn arc stud welding , or arc welding for short. Material: Aluminum. Some weld fastener options include weld nuts , weld studs, and weld pins. Stud welding. When lifted, an arc develops between the stud base and the base material to create a pool of molten metal. I got asked by a subscriber to show how to weld studs into plate for mounting flangeplates to another. T. You can use either a capacitor discharge or a drawn arc capacitor discharge technique. Arc stud welding permits strong, one-sided welds on base metals with thicknesses starting at 0. Stud, Ferrule & Accessory Catalog . Drawn arc stud welding Stud-welded anchors on a bridge girder. Portable Stud Welders & Studs for Arc Welding. 4/A5. 2 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). MILD STEEL. to 1 in. Arc stud welding permits strong, one-sided welds on base metals with thicknesses starting at 0. Nelson ® Studs & Equipment. Drawn arc weld studs form strong, vibration-resistant welds that provide a tight seal against water. Weld Studs join a stud and another piece of metal together by heating both parts with an arc. Our company is a Private Limited, which has settled its main head office at Pune, Maharashtra from where all the business related activities are keenly monitored by skilled professionals. Aluminum quickly forms a surface oxide. 외형상으로는 전기. Pressure is not used, and filler metal is obtained from the electrode and sometimes from a supplemental source such as a welding rod, flux, or metal granules. 10 ELECTROSLAG WELDING:. Aluminum Arc Full Base (FB) Weld Pins Sunbelt aluminum SB (Shoulder Base) welding pins are plain, unthreaded fasteners with a weld base diameter greater than the extension diameter. 83 USD. The stud itself becomes part of the weld material. 1-3/8. Call our technical experts if you have any questions at 1-800-426-5667. It produces welds in as little as 0. 7-Month Welder Foundation (21 credits) 3-Month Welder Fitter (9 credits) Weld Level 1, 2, 3 Apprenticeship and Specialty Metals Endorsement. BFT, BFTS full thread Arc studs: Arc stud welding allows almost any size or type of weld stud to be welded. Stud welding is a process where a metal clasp is welded to another metal component using an electrical arc to heat the parts. The Process. The process was mainly perfected for attaching wood decking over a metal surface. M. 4M:2006 Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. Arc studs are typically loaded with an aluminum flux ball on the weld end, which aids in the. You can create a strong, one-sided weld in less than 0. The technical details for the stud type or styles throughout this literature apply to metric studs. That’s why we offer quick-turnaround build-to-print services for the users and producers of aluminum and other non-ferrous metals. Coarse and fine threads are available in both imperial (UNC-2A and UNF-2A) and ISO Metric (Class 6g) sizes. Drawn arc stud welding (SW) is a welding pr ocess whereby a metal fastener (i. #6 in a series, this video shows setting up the Capacitor Discharge Stud Welder for C. 92 USD. Material: Low Carbon Steel. Arc stud welding allows almost any size or type of weld stud to be welded. Stud welding equipment is available for sale or rental in capacities from 1/4 in. Process different studs with. 50 USD. Uniformity and Repeatability - the stud welder precisely controls and monitors the amount of energy used to weld the fastener which produces consistently strong welds. 3/8-16 Arc Stud Full Aluminum with F Ferrules from $43. Save money on your stud welding accessories! Replacement accessories and parts for your Nelson NS20, NS30 or NS40 stud welding gun. 00 USD. Install them using conventional welding or specialized stud welders; a ferrule is included for use with stud welders. adjust the weld and gas purge times. But, arc stud welding is the most commonly used stud welding process. Quantity: Price Each: $0. Nelson ® offers a full line of standard in-stock fasteners for quick shipment, as well as custom-designed fasteners to meet your specific needs. Short arc welding is similar to drawn arc welding, but it doesn’t require a ferrule. Threaded CD Weld Studs Aluminum. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Arc Stud Welding permits strong, one-sided welds on base metals with thicknesses starting at 0. Bateman Soldaduras West Arco Limitada J. 9 Mil 1918 10-49. Midwest Fasteners Heavy Duty CD Stud Welding Gun $908. Annealing - Sunbelt arc welding studs can be annealed to a maximum of 75 Rockwell B for low carbon steel; 90 Rockwell B for stainless steel. 3. The aluminum work piece must be properly prepared for welding and is the same for both stud welding processes. 2 mm). Page%|1". Advisors to the A5 Committee on Filler Metal and Allied Material R. 1/4-20 CD Weld Stud, Flanged, Aluminum from $7. 10-24 CD Weld Stud, Flanged, Aluminum from $8. Spec Sheet User Manual Gun Set Up. The best aluminum studs have a built in ignition tip that burns away before the weld is performed. 22006. Low-carbon steels can be arc stud welded without metallurgical problems, provided the carbon levels do not exceed 0. To learn more about the stud welding supplies we provide, contact NFS at (651) 730-7770 or request a quote online. ‘Stud welding’ and ‘shear studs’ are terms often used in connection with steel frame and composite floor construction. Posted in Arc Welding, CD Stud Welding, Stud Welding Supplies. 5 mm) thick. 00 USD. Each of these applications requires the proper style stud and ferrule, so please specify your application when ordering. Stud Welding of Aluminum - Drawn Arc Stud Welding and Capacitor Discharge Stud Welding. stud welding fastners wear abrasion stainless steel tuffstudds Tuff studs anchors rentals sheer connectors nelson keystone atlanta stud welding rentals capacitor dischaege arc. e weld studs) are joined to a base metal. Stud, Ferrule & Accessory Catalog . the names Stored Arc or Tranquil Arc in the text are references to the Stored Arc stud welding process or Tranquil Arc accessory kit, as defined by Nelson Stud Welding, Inc. 7 g/cm 3). The process is characterized by its high heat input due to high current and a weld pool protection realized by a ceramic ferrule holding the metal vapor. With optimum weld penetration and durability, the method can quickly join practically any size or configuration of a metal stud to a workpiece. Weld Studs. Aluminum Arc Full Base (FB) Weld Pins. However, with CD welding small diameter fasteners (1/4″ and under) are end welded to extremely thin gauge parent metal. Weld studs for Fastening. AWS D10. Off-the-shelf stud bolts aren’t always ideal. Description. It produces welds in as little as 0. Materials include steel & stainless steel studs. Max Fastening Torque (Inch/Lbs) Ultimate Tensile Load (Lbs) Max Shear Load (Lbs) Low-Carbon Copper Flashed Steel. W. M10 Arc Stud Full Thread, Stainless Steel with F Ferrules from $90. Description: Nelson AXC “Fir Tree” studs are normally welded to bare or corrosion protection treated automobile sheet metal using the drawn arc stud welding process. Aluminum studs of diameter 3/16 in. TF studs permit close run down of a nut to the base metal. Adapter Screw 21. Tucker stud welding in lightweight vehicle construction. Founded in 1987, Production Fastening Systems (PFS) has become a well-established stud welding distributor that has now been serving the offshore, shipbuilding, and steel fabrication industries for 30 years. In accordance with the standard, ceramic ferrules must. Successor of LM90. 02 USD. View drawn arc stud welding and headed weld studs applications, dimensions, standard & torque specifications How strong is a stud weld? Steel with a low carbon content that has a minimum tensile strength of 60,000 psi, a minimum yield strength of 50,000 psi, and an elongation in 2 inches of at least 20%. Typical Use: Most applications requiring full strength in weld. Tip ignition, drawn arc, CD (capacitor discharge. Distributor of welding equipment including welding studs, arc welding studs & capacitor discharge (CD) welding studs.